Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for evaluating their quality, safety, and environmental impact. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. SAPs are highly effective in preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene. They are lightweight, breathable, and provide a smooth surface.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use perforated plastic films that allow liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer that prevents leakage and keeps the pad in place. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof material that provides a barrier against leaks. It is often embossed or textured to improve grip and prevent slipping.
– **Breathable Films**: These materials allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of irritation and discomfort.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad to the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces upon application of light pressure and are commonly used in sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance Oils**: Used to impart a pleasant scent.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Added for their soothing properties.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure effectiveness and comfort:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be gentle on the skin to prevent irritation.
– **Breathability**: Materials should allow air to circulate to reduce moisture buildup.
– **Leakage Protection**: The back sheet and absorbent core must work together to prevent leaks.
– **Biodegradability**: Increasingly, manufacturers are opting for biodegradable materials to reduce environmental impact.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads play a critical role in their performance and user experience. By understanding the composition and properties of these materials, consumers can make informed choices that align with their needs and values.